Let P(z):=\sum_{\nu=0}^na_\nu z^{\nu}$ a polynomial of degree n and M:=\sup_{|z|=1}|P(z)|$. Without any additional restriction, we know that $|P '(z) | \leq Mn$ for $| z | \leq 1$ (Bernstein's inequality). Now if we assume that the zeros of the polynomial $P$ are outside the circle $| z | = k$, which improvement could be made to the Bernstein inequality? It is already known [{\bf \ref{Mal1}}] that in the case where $k \geq 1$, one has$$ (*) \qquad | P '(z) | \leq \frac{n}{1 + k} M \qquad (| z | \leq 1),$$ what would it be in the case where $k < 1$? What is the analogous inequality for an entire function of exponential type $\tau$? On the other hand, if we assume that $P$ has all its zeros in $| z | \geq k \, \, (k \geq 1),$ which is the estimate of $| P '(z) |$ on the unit circle, in terms of the first four terms of its Maclaurin series expansion. This thesis comprises a contribution to the analytic theory of polynomials in the light of these problems.

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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.