Let P(z):=\sum_{\nu=0}^na_\nu z^{\nu}$ a polynomial of degree n and M:=\sup_{|z|=1}|P(z)|$. Without any additional restriction, we know that $|P '(z) | \leq Mn$ for $| z | \leq 1$ (Bernstein's inequality). Now if we assume that the zeros of the polynomial $P$ are outside the circle $| z | = k$, which improvement could be made to the Bernstein inequality? It is already known [{\bf \ref{Mal1}}] that in the case where $k \geq 1$, one has$$ (*) \qquad | P '(z) | \leq \frac{n}{1 + k} M \qquad (| z | \leq 1),$$ what would it be in the case where $k < 1$? What is the analogous inequality for an entire function of exponential type $\tau$? On the other hand, if we assume that $P$ has all its zeros in $| z | \geq k \, \, (k \geq 1),$ which is the estimate of $| P '(z) |$ on the unit circle, in terms of the first four terms of its Maclaurin series expansion. This thesis comprises a contribution to the analytic theory of polynomials in the light of these problems.

In this dissertation, we will be handling a theorem of Lebesgue, one of the most stricking and ultimate of mathematical analysis ; namely a function with bounded variation has a derivative almost everywhere. The aim of our research is to provide, apart from the proof usually offered in measure theory courses, other demontrations achieved with more simple mathematical tools. My contribution was primarily to simplify and to complete these demonstrations, to include the most of the drawings in order to visualize what is being said. For this theorem, which has other presentations, we will give now the history and three different demonstrations.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.